Friday, December 20, 2019

Exercise During Pregnancy And Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is also known to increase the risk of caesarean delivery in expecting mothers, due to the larger birth weights of infants born to these mothers. The rate of cesarean sections in the United States is at an all time high, as professor Martin discussed in lecture. Best outcomes estimate that an average of 5-10% of births should result in c-sections, yet as a country we are between double and triple that rate (Martin, 2015, Lecture #1). Recent studies have shown that exercise can lower the risk of having cesarean sections. In a study titled Exercise during pregnancy and gestational diabetes-related adverse effects: a randomized controlled trial, researchers took it upon themselves to examine the effects of exercise on†¦show more content†¦Macrosomia can also result in a serious complication known as shoulder dystocia. Shoulder dystocia is a case of obstructed labor where the infant cannot pass through the vagina at the shoulder. Should dystocia is a serious condition and if unresolved can result in fetal injury and rarely, death (Ladewig et al., 2014). Evidence is arising supporting exercise and its relationship with macrosomia. One particular study found a 58% decrease in the odds of having a baby with macrosomia, after undergoing exercise intervention. This particular exercise intervention consisted of moderate intensity resistance and aerobic exercises three times a week (Barakat et al., 2013). When the life and health of the baby is it risk it is crucial that mothers do all that they can to reduce the risk of any harm on the baby. As most people know, giving birth can be extremely painful. During the first stage of labor, pain is caused by dilation of the mother cervix, stretching of the lower uterine segment, and pressure on structures surrounding the uterus. The second stage of labor is characterized by a lack of oxygen to the tissues in the uterus, distension of the vagina, while pain during the third stage of labor is caused b y uterine contractions, and dilation of the cervix as the mother expels the placenta (Ladewig et al., 2014). Overall, giving birth requires expending an enormous amount of energy and is exhausting on the body and mind with its association with

Thursday, December 12, 2019

African Face Painting Essay Example For Students

African Face Painting Essay Like many other tribes of Africa the Woodard tribe uses face painting to draw beauty. African face painting has been a thing of curiosity to many in the esters civilization. Many tribes in Africa practiced face painting for reasons of festivals, rituals and status symbols and for other events. Face painting is often seen in tribal festivals. The Woodard tribes of Niger apply face paint in their famous festival of beauty known as the Grovel Festival (African 1). In this festival the men apply charismatic colors to gold and rich colors of red on their face and dance to win the hearts of the surrounding women, Like James wood said the women do the judging and reward the winners with a night of l), This festival is a like beauty pageant in the west but the men are he contestants and they paint their face instead of putting on mascara. The Grovel festival is where men and women go to find their spouse. In this festival a man can come with his wife and leave with a different one just as a woman can come with her husband and choose a new one(wood I). We will write a custom essay on African Face Painting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Woodard men go to the festival looking for a new wife and knowing that theirs ivies might not be theirs anymore so they dance to seduce the women around them. In the Woodard culture, beautiful eyes and white teeth are found attractive by women so the men paint their lips black to make their teeth brighter. They also paint their cheekbones and noses with colors like yellow and red to draw attention to their eyes and their facial bone Structure. This festival is all about expressing beauty through dances and about men showing off their looks and the men of the tribe use paint to show beauty using diverse colors. In some ancient Tribal religions face painting along with masks is used during rituals. In the article titled cultural face painting, it states that, ancient rituals often summon deities, spirits of ancestors and animals(Seventeen 1), During these Rituals either a mask or a face mint of wild and eccentric designs are applied which implies that the wearer was possessed by the spirits or animals (Sevenfold Also the Pod tribe of South Iatric celebrates a tradition called midge. This ritual is where a woman is initiated to become diviner or a priestess of the tribe (African l). She appears naked to the waist with her body painted with white clay and embellished with leaves, These patterns are complex and they symbolize the link to her ancestors who are believed to be the reasons for her illness and wellbeing. The Xhosa tribe also in South Africa uses face painting during the rite of manhood called the Backwater. To begin with, the young men paint their faces with white mud, then they are circumcised and their face is painted with red mud to signify the readiness for adult male responsibilities (African 1). In each of these rituals the art Of face painting holds different meaning and symbolizes different Stages Of a ritual. Face painting is also used to symbolize different Statuses. Like for Example the Kara tribe of Africa have three types of designs painted on their faces. One type was for the tribe chief. The Chiefs facial paint is more elaborate and neater then everyone elses. Almost his whole entire face is covered in white paint but his jaw nine, his cheek bones, and his nose were left bare showing his dark and smooth skin in two perfect straight lines (Erick 1 J. The other design is for a warrior the design is like the chiefs but a lot less neat (Erick The last type of design is for the regular commoner which consists of plain white paint. Face and body painting was extremely important and symbolic to tribes like the Kara because it showed who they were and where they belonged. Trance tribes also use face painting tort other events. The Sumatra tribe to Ethiopia use face and body painting during their wild and violent stick fighting contest called the Donna. .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 , .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .postImageUrl , .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 , .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028:hover , .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028:visited , .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028:active { border:0!important; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028:active , .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028 .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u06000c8fb28cd511afa6eb0e76cd7028:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reaction Paper About the Famous Paintings EssayUnlike the Gemology testiest, this no dance or beauty festival, it is but a contest of nerve and brute strength that is meant to settle personal Vendettas and to win wives. During this contest hundreds of men come to a specific place to fight with IS feet sticks refereed by the chief (Donna I). The fight done in heats and is done in rounds until there is only two remaining. The winner of the last round veins the whole thing. Any man can challenge hover he wants and death is not uncommon. The only rule is no man can hit another man when he is down (Donna I). The competitors fight to be the greatest warriors and o win so that they can give a girl the honor if being their date or wife if she Wishes (Donna I). When the men fight they are completely naked except for paint that covers them from head to toe. The constructions of the body paint have a lot Of lines and are completely done by hand. The designs painted on the mans body represent his masculinity and is meant to strike fear into his opponents heart. The painting is an important part of the contest and because the more captivating and terrifying it is the more attention and fear the contestant will get from his opponents and the crowd. With his last effort he gives the women his most seductive look and he dances in a more enthralling manner. The dance is done and he stands in the sun with the bright red and yellow paint looking as though the sun was radiating from him. The woman he has been eyeing through the whole testiest comes and they leave into the sunset, With the help of his beautiful paint on his face his goal has been fore tilled and he leaves with a wife. Trance tribes apply tact paint at festivals, during rituals, to symbolize status and for other reasons and events. The art is harmonic and beautiful and it connects all the tribe of the vast continent,

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

ICT in Business Operation of Travel Agency-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to usage of ICT in Business Operation of Travel Agency? Answer: Introducation The Internet and ICTs are pertinent on all agents, auxiliary, vital and advertising levels to encourage worldwide communication among providers, mediators and purchasers round the globe. The ideas and meanings of the important terms identified with the ICTs and the Internet will be given in this article. This article will highlight the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in travel agencies for business operations. This article features e - tourism which mirrors the digital form of all processes and value chains in the travel, tourism, accommodation and cooking enterprises (Aghaei, Nematbakhsh Farsani, 2012); e-tourism plans the intensity of the affiliations by exploring intranets for revamping inner processes, extranets for developing exchanges with put stock in collaborator and the Internet for communicating with each and every one of its customers and partners. The e-tourism plan involves all business capabilities like e-commerce, e-finance, e-procurement, e-marketing and e-accounting, e-production and also e-planning, e-strategy and e-management for all sectors of the travel and tourism business, involving tourism, principals, recreation, travel, transport, open segment involvements, friendliness and go-betweens. The article similarly grandstands that principals use CRSs to deal with their stock and disseminate their ability and additionally to deal with the uncommon development of worldwide tourism (PhoCusWright, 2012). Carriers spearheaded this innovation, in spite of the fact that inn networks and visit administrators took after by creating unified reservation frameworks. CRSs can be described as the "flow framework" of the tourism item. The article also incorporates that aircraft CRSs formed into GDSs by bit by bit developing their geological opportunities and in addition by comprehending both precisely, with other bearer frameworks, and vertically via adjoining the entire opportunities of principals, for instance- ship ticketing, settlement, amusement, auto rentals and various arrangements (Ashari, Heidari Parvaresh, 2014). As per the author, go-betweens assume an essential portion in the business via offering some incentive - added exercises and regulations to merchants, purchasers. The most surely understood mediators in real world are retailers and wholesalers. Basically, middle people of the tour and travel business have been inbound and outbound travel agencies (Aghaei, Nematbakhsh Farsani, 2012). In any case, the Internet regenerates the entire tour and travel value chain, constraining the modern mediators to take up the new way and to develop relevant plans of action. According to author, ICTs are indispensable apparatuses for travel agencies as they give data and reservation offices and bolster the intermediation amongst purchasers and principals. travel agencies work different reservation frameworks, which mostly empower them to check accessibility and reserve a spot for tourism items (Bern et al., 2015). As of not long ago GDSs have been basic for business travel agencies to get to data and reserve a spot on booked aircrafts, inn networks, auto rentals and an assortment of auxiliary administrations. GDSs help develop muddled agendas, while they give forward calendars, costs and accessibility data, and a compelling reservation strategy. Likewise, they offered inward administration modules incorporating the "back office" and "front office". Numerous travel agencies specifically encounter more advantages by accomplishing better coordination and control between their remote branches and central station (Opara Onyije, 2013). Exchanges can give impo rtant information to budgetary and operational control and in addition for promoting research, which can examine the market variances and enhance strategic choices. The coordinated research demonstrates tourism area is especially vulnerable to the utilization of ICT apparatuses. The led inquire about demonstrates the distinctions in the watched points of interest and boundaries for ICT usage by tourism undertakings, which may speak to the impact of both the particular idea of performed exercises and the offered item. References Aghaei, S., Nematbakhsh, M.A. Farsani, H.K. (2012). Evolution of the World Wide Web: from Web 1.0 to Web 4.0. International Journal of Web Semantic Technology, 3 (1): 110. Ashari, H.A., Heidari, M. Parvaresh, S. (2014). Improving SMTEs business performance through strategic use of information communication technology: ICT and tourism challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4 (3): 120. Bern, C., Garca-Gonzlez, M., Garca-Ucedac, M.E. Mgica, J.M. (2015). The effect of ICT on relationship enhancement and performance in tourism channels. tourism Management, 48 (June): 188198. Opara, J.A. Onyije, E. (2013). Information and communication technologies (ICT): a panacea to achieving effective goals in institutional administration. International Journal of Management Sciences, 1 (1): 1115. PhoCusWright (2012). Raport. Turystyka online na rynkach Europy Wschodniej. Available at:www.amadeus.com/pl/documents/aco/pl/Amadeus%20Raport%20Phocuswright%20informacja%20prasowa.pdf (accessed on 22.07. 2015.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Stephen Austin free essay sample

Stephen AustinMr. RussoFebruary 20, 2018ELA Should torture be allowed in the US Military? Should the Military be allowed to use Torture for information regarding terrorism to save lives? Some people would say It is effective and it does its purpose, which is to save lives and prevent terrorist attacks. Other people deny this claim and believe that it is ineffective, and inhumane. In 2008, President Obama signed an executive order stopping the use of torture. The current President of the United States is for the use of torture. Throughout the Middle East theyre chopping off heads of Christians, theyre chopping of heads of people, anyone that gets in the way. Theyre drowning 30-40 people at a time in heavy steal cages. As far as Im concerned, waterboarding is absolutely fine, and we should go much further.The history of Torture. the action or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something, or for the pleasure of the person inflicting the pain In Exodus, it shows how brutally enslaved and tortured the children of Israel were shown in Exodus 5:22. We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Austin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually, as technology improved, so did torture methods such as whips, and shackles. A common way to torture people while putting them to death would be a crucifix. Peoples hands and legs would be nailed to a cross shaped piece of wood and would be left to hung for the rest of their lives, which could last from hours to days. This device was designed for people to get just enough air to live while suffering. People who are thirst would be given vinegar to drink, and roman soldiers would often break different bones to make the victim suffer more before they die. During the middle ages, a common tactic would be the metal coffin. This coffin was made of metal that is roughly the same shape and size of the average human. Overweight people would be forced into this cage and hung inside of them until a crow would pick their dead bodies after they have died. An Iconic torture device is called the iron Maiden. The iron maiden is simply a coffin with a head at the top of it with spikes inside of the cage and the inside of the doors that open and close. People have experienced many triadic and horrible things on the World Trade Center attack of September 11, 2001. A lot of people lost lives that day, about 2,977 people (reference.com) A lot of people lost family members, friends, children, mothers, fathers, and others. KSM was behind this horrific attack. People want answers and want to end terrorist attacks. Therefore, people like Donald Trump believes in torture. He wants to torture terrorist to find out information. Throughout the Middle East theyre chopping off heads of Christians, theyre chopping of heads of people, anyone that gets in the way. Theyre drowning 30-40 people at a time in heavy steal cages. As far as Im concerned, waterboarding is absolutely fine, and we should go much further. – (Donald J. Trump. An article by the name of The reason why Americans are OK with torture. States say that Americans dont believe it referring to the fact that torture doesnt work, and false information is given. Some people believe torture is a way of pay back for their crimes against humanity. CBSs Most Americans consider waterboarding to be torture: poll article states that fifty seven percent that took the poll believe that waterboarding and other forms of torture provide valuable information that can prevent terror attacks and twenty three percent believes that this occurs frequently. Only eight percent of people believe that information obtained by torture is trust worthy. There are many negative affects to torture. As previously stated, Torture is the act or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone. This is essentially haring the person. The military uses torture to extract information from terrorist. There are several problems with this method used in todays United States military. To begin with, people are usually in pain when tortured and will do anything for that pain to stop. With that information, people tend to lie. An example of this occurring within the military would be a case between a person called Khalid Sheik Mohammed. According to Fox news Terror on trial special Who is KSM? (2009) Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, known as KSM, is one of historys most violent and brutal terrorists. He was ether principle architect of the September 11th attacks as well as dozens of other plots against the U.S. and western targets worldwide. This story begins with how he was captured. The New Yorkers Khalid Sheik Mohammed and the C.I.A. States someone that goes by the alias Asset X who can lead them to KSM and on February 2003 in Pakistan he was captured and taken into custody. He was tortured horribly. The New Yorkers Khalid Sheik Mohammed and the C.I.A. quote one of the C.I.A.s documents on how the torture of KSM is progressing. Overall seems to be that waterboarding is not working in gaining KSM[s] compliance. Later, it was revealed that KSM began to lie about who was involved in the terrorist plot just so the C.I.A. would stop torturing him. There are many alternatives to torture that allows people to confess to crimes and plots without having to harm the suspect. Tactics Police Use to Get a Confession by the Criminal Defense Lawyer says that there is a method called The Reid Technique which is when the police isolate the suspect from friends and family, they make the suspects feel guilty of the crime, then suggest that the criminal confess to the crime for a lower sentence. Another law firm called Lauren Taylor Law explains that police officers can lie and deceive suspect into getting information, which is an alternative way of getting a confession. This could also be used in the military to get confessions from terrorist and possible prevent terrorist attacks. The most commonly used method to get a confession is called The Reid effect. This Reid effect was made in 1947 by John. E. Reid. This method has a total of 9 steps. Essentially, the interrogator presents the evidence, which can be either real or fake, to the suspect and show that the suspect is involved in the crime. Then In conclusion, there are some benefits and negative effects of torture. To begin with, torture has been used for centuries of history, and go as far back as the time of Jesus and prior to him. Evidence of this were tools such as the crucifix which is where people would be nailed to a piece of wood and hung there for hours or even days in pain and agony. In current times however, torture is used to achieve information, usually from criminals or terror subjects. What multiple resources have proven is that there are mental effects that accompany torture. Though some people believe that torture is effective, is has been proven that it is unreliable because people will lie to end the torture. An example of this is KSM, who has admitted to lying when he was tortured via waterboarding, and a method called walling which is when someone is thrown multiple times onto a wall. Studies have shown that there are also alternatives to torture to gain information. Interrogators can lie and create false evidence to convince suspects they are guilty and eventually make them confess to the crime that they have done.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Graphic Design in Society Essay Example

Graphic Design in Society Essay Example Graphic Design in Society Essay Graphic Design in Society Essay EPARTS 191 – DESIGN IN SOCIETY ASSIGNMENT TASK 2 Essay Graphic design is the art of communication. The designer takes an idea and creates a visual experience to communicate an idea, or to send a specific message to the responder through both printed and electronic means. Imagine a world without graphic design, you may not realise it right now but graphic design is everywhere. It’s what attracts you to a product or business and forces you to understand the message at the point of its creation. If the message is not clear then the graphic designer has failed. In this essay I will be discussing the history of graphic design, notable and popular styles, and the age old debate of computer versus the creative process, what the future holds and in turn proving that graphic design is the most important design discipline in our society. Graphic design has always existed, it has always been there for artists to express themselves and documents show that it goes back to the late 19th century at least but in my opinion graphic design never became more important and known until the Bauhaus was opened in 1919. The Bauhaus or House of Building was an art school in Germany which pioneered simplistic design and became a style of design itself, although it only existed for 14 years. The style is still heavily popular today within examples such as Ikea who produce simplistic furniture, advertisements, accessories etc and sell unfathomable amounts each year. This couldn’t happen and continue to happen if it wasn’t for successful graphic design and the elegant Swiss style I talk about below. : With each era a new style emerged to match the changes in society, throughout the 1960’s when the hippy lifestyle was adopted it was shown heavily through the art produced. Posters were full colour, bright and flowing and colour theory was well used. The responder’s eyes were immediately drawn to the swirling and often unorthodox patterns which assisted in making it unique. The American ‘Big Idea’ style became popular in around 1950’s and is still used today. In brief this style is generally a provocative or stimulating mage with short headline over the top; it was also known as the ‘picture is worth a thousand words’ approach (Heller Balance 2001). Another notable style is the Swiss approach which also uses simplistic techniques as well as symmetry and gridlines (which made most designs produced relatively predictable) to produce more logical designs as opposed to emotional or subjective. Why is it that in these modern times everything is computer based, computer done or needs a computer to begin it but does that take away from ones creative thinking? It’s debatable whether the speed and efficiency of computers stops graphic designers from studying their project/s in finer detail and thus not providing as higher results as hand drawing or rendering. In my opinion nothing can ever make lead up sketches obsolete, putting a pencil to paper and loosely drawing ideas is umpteen times faster than computer aided design (although using a tablet may increase speed). From my experience drawing on paper first allows you to relax and not concentrate as hard, in which ideas come about more freely than if you were to concentrate into drawing on a computer program such as Illustrator. Graphic design is innovation and advancement; it documents the growth of society and the changing of views, ideals, opinions and any other kind of free speech a person can express. If you look around, you can pinpoint most graphic designer’s styles down to someone work prior, be it taking inspiration or taking tips it becomes somewhat of a building block. With newer technology comes newer ways to do things but traditional methods will never go out of style, how can you say a design discipline that has successfully been around for roughly 100 years can die out? In conclusion, what a boring and colourless life we would live in without graphic design; who would be there to trick us into purchasing and believing things. Heller, S. Balance, G. (2001). Graphic Design History. Allworth Communications Inc.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Compare and Contrast 2 Quality Management Theories Research Paper

Compare and Contrast 2 Quality Management Theories - Research Paper Example The basic contention behind the implementation of either Six Sigma or lean techniques is to increase the output from existing processes and methods. It must be taken to note that Six Sigma applies more to bolstering output by removing causes behind defects through the implementation of measurement and statistical techniques (Tennant, 2001). On the other hand, lean techniques consist largely of methods that are aimed at improving processes by looking at existing loopholes and reacting accordingly (Taylor, 2008). Need for Lean Techniques and Six Sigma in the Healthcare Sector Lean techniques are not based in large part on quantification unlike Six Sigma that dwells on quantifying defects for their removal and noting process improvement levels. In recent years, both Six Sigma and lean techniques have been used increasingly in the healthcare sector to deal with existing and emerging challenges. The increasing cost of healthcare and visits to doctors have meant that it is required to opti mize healthcare access costs through the application of Six Sigma and lean techniques. However, it must also be kept in mind that healthcare applications involve critical assessments that might end up with permanent damage to the patient’s health or might even result in a fatality (DelliFraine, Langabeer, & Nembhard, 2010). In such a case, the advantage of applying either Six Sigma or lean techniques is removed altogether as the customer is effectively permanently damaged or removed from the service list. On another note, it must be considered that the failure of Six Sigma or lean techniques in the manufacturing, services or other sectors may result in nothing more than another defect not involving loss to human beings. However, in the case of the healthcare industry, any failure of the Six Sigma or lean techniques regime could possibly lead to a human fatality which is not desirable. Therefore, the application of either Six Sigma or lean techniques requires differentiation b etween critical and non-critical applications in the healthcare sector. Requirements of Quality Management Philosophy in the Healthcare Sector The healthcare industry effectively requires a technique that is not harmful to the customers. In case that Six Sigma is applied to the healthcare industry, it would involve taking measurements as a vital method of producing baselines and quantifying output levels to see how processes have improved. As far as the manufacturing sector is concerned, Six Sigma is effective because the same manufacturing processes are being repeated to manufacture the end product. The continuous nature of the measurement ensures that Six Sigma can be applied across the board to the entire organization. Even if the services industry is considered, it becomes clear that similar end services are being provided to customers resulting in insightful measurements for Six Sigma improvements. However, the case of the healthcare sector is altogether different since any hea lthcare organization is servicing customers with multiple differentiated needs at the same time. For example, the same hospital could be dealing with emergency trauma patients as well as with cardiovascular disease patients. The wide range of processes required to satisfy the end customer do not favor Six Sigma for measurement in the healthcare sector (Taner & Sezen, 2007). Six Sigma In the case of the