Goldenrod :: essays research papers

Goldenrod is common name for certain related plants of the composite family. The Canada goldenrod is really Solidago canadensis. They are typical autumn flowers of the linked States that grow in a great variety of habitats woods, meadows, hills, and rocky ground. For many years goldenrod was considered a major cause of hay fever, but experiments with goldenrod pollen have indicated that it is around harmless. It is so heavy that certain types of bugs actually have to lift it out. It is the state flower of Kentucky and Nebraska. Goldenrods are perennial herbs with wand like stems and stalk-less leaves. They usually grow to a height of 1.2 m (4 ft), but environmental conditions and species variations give them a range of 30 cm to 2 m (1 to 7 ft). Their yellow flowers are in graceful clusters. The genus goldenrods contain about 100 species, most of which are North American in origin. The Canada goldenrod, one of the commonest species, is of average height and has large panicles of sm all yellow flowers. The smaller sweet goldenrod has anise-scented leaves used to make herb tea. The wreath goldenrod, a low-growing species, is found in shady places. The November goldenrod is the tallest and bears large hairy panicles of flowers. Only one goldenrod species, the European goldenrod, is native to Europe. Several species of goldenrod that have white ray flowers are commonly called silverrod.Goldenrods make up the genus Solidago of the family Compositae. The Canada goldenrod is classified as Solidago canadensis, the sweet goldenrod as Solidago odora, the wreath goldenrod as Solidago caesia, and the November goldenrod as Solidago serotina. The European goldenrod is classified as Solidago virgaurea and the silverrod as Solidago bicolor.Goldenrods attracted short-lived mercenary attention when Thomas Edison found that certain species contain latex. Some species (sometimes called dyers-weed) have yielded a dye, and the leaves of many species have long been used for medicin al preparations and teas.

Comparing Authority in Hope Leslie, Dinosaur in the Haystack, and A Riv

Authority in Hope Leslie, Dinosaur in the Haystack, and A River Runs Through ItAuthority is portrayed differently by each individual in life. Authority is portrayed by knowledge, wisdom, tone, and wording. The languages of authority are too numerable to count. In the novels Hope Leslie, Dinosaur in the Haystack, and A River Runs Through It the authors use three different techniques to portray authority while using religion and scripture to describe their arguments.Stephen Jay Gould demands authority because of the extensive poring over he performs and yearns for knowledge that he possesses. Each of the essays that he presents has scientific merit and has been extensively studied. By writing about natural science and specifically evolution, Gould displays his expertise and therefore his authority. Gould being a scholar and a Jew has extensive knowledge of the Old Testament. He includes scripture in his writing to support his theories and explain the object frame of many Americans. In Dousling Diminutive Denniss Debate Gould tells of the debate on whether the millennium starts J...

Lightning Never Strikes Twice :: essays research papers

Lightning N of all time Strikes Twice&9A few miles off the monetary value of Cape Cod, sits the island of Nantucket. On this island, during the 1600s lived the Haley family. Tom Haley was the only tobacco farmer on the island and due to this fact they were extremely wealthy. Their estate was the largest on Nantucket and was located full over a beautiful cliff. Tom and his wife Janice ate breakfast every morning at 600am everyday with their son Garnet. Late atomic number 90 night a storm was getting very close to their house until a bright fist from the heavens stroked down on their chimney and collapsing the house, kill the entire Haley family. As the legend of the family goes their souls were not able to escape the rubble and float into the sky. Therefore their soul lead inhabit the house until their able to escape. Their souls will reside there until they find another soul to watch over the house.&9Three months ago. Steve Windmere a wealthy young CEO of AT& ampereT is driving around Nantucket looking for a new house to settle in. When he comes across the most beautiful house he has ever seen. He loved every bit of it from the aged gray shingles to the pealing paint off the white shutters. With a happy surprise he sees a Murreys real estate sign. As fast as he can he looked at the address, "52 Cliff road" he says to himself. He rushes to his car and drives to Murreys real estate office on Main Street. He signs up to buy the house right away. Of course everyone functional there has a greedy look in his or her eyes while Steve signs the contract. Being so self-centered as he is he doesnt even notice. Steve could smell the sweat falling from the agents. They were so nervous most of them had to leave, they couldnt believe that they were actually going to sell the old Haley residents. When he was entire he stepped out on to Main Street and saw a hugger-mugger man sitting up against the brick wall of the real estate office. The mysterious man got up and walked toward Steve and said, "looks like you skilful bought more than you bargained for." Laughing he walked away into a fog that seemed to appear out of nowhere, confused and baffled Steve just walked across the street to Something Natural to have lunch.

Was the Alliance System Responsible for the Outbreak of WWI? :: World War I History

Was the Alliance System Responsible for the Outbreak of WWI?The impressiveness of the alliance outline that developed in Europe in the decades before World war I as a cause for it is still an important topic of debate and argument betwixt modern historians. Some argue that the alliance system was a direct cause of the outbreak of war between all major countries in Europe while other historians prefer to state that the alliance configuration we observe before the war started was simply a symptom of the conflicts and disagreements, fears and envies that had been accumulating since the Bismarck system of alliances collapsed, and even before then. This last opinion is becoming more(prenominal) accepted as the one that describes the true importance of the actual alliance system as a cause of the war. In order to determine the importance of the alliance system as a cause for the war we must first explore the origins of these alliances. We will take high-point of the Bismarck system i n 1878 as our starting point as the Franco-Prussian war is a key factor for the development of this system. The alliance system ideated by the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck kept peace in Europe but its main aim was, however, to forestall the possibility that, in the event of war, Germany would have to fight it on two fronts (basically France and Russia). This was achieved by diplomatically isolating France so that its dream of recapturing its lost provinces of Alsace-Lorraine couldnt be fulfilled. This was done by, firstly, the creation of the League of the Three Emperors or Dreikaiserbund. It was first projected as a meeting of the monarchs of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia in 1872 and confirmed the following year, the 22nd of October 1873. Here, the very general and formless agreement was given a more solid form by military agreements promising to help any country attacked by a fourth party. And all this even though that there was mutual rivalry between Russia and Aust ria-Hungary in the Balkans. This proved to be a concrete way to isolate France for as E. Eyck mentions, the League ensured that neither Austria-Hungary nor Russia was available as an ally for France. At this point, Bismarck didnt consider Britain as a potential French ally as they had a long history of rivalry. Secondly, in 1887 the Reinsurance Treaty was signed with Russia in which it promised to support Russias claims to the strait and to remain neutral in the event of war unless it attacked Austria-Hungary, the same with Russia, who promised to remain neutral unless it attacked France.

Essays --

What affects do Steroids have on Weightlifters?Weightlifters have been known to abuse steroids to a greater extent than athletes in other sports. Interviews have been pass from the young athletes and adults who have taken steroids on the reasons why and the outcomes of the medicine towards their proboscis. It has been proven that athletes use steroids for better results in their body shape or for the strive to succeed. What they dont summate to mind and think twice of before they intake the drug is what effects can the drug abuse of steroids have on the body of a lifter?Anabolic Steroids or AAS were founded in the 1930s and is a drug many athletes and weightlifters abuse for the desire to win against their competition (Parikh, Rahul). Steroids produce testosterone and can be both(prenominal) harmful and helpful. Steroids argon regarded as prescription and are only a synthetic substance. Theres over 100 types of steroids but the main sources that steroids are made of is plants, animals and fungi. Steroids are abused for the use of muscle mass and a better performance in the sport that is being played. Steroids can be taken in as injections, tablets, capsules, sublingual-tablets, liquid drops, subdermal implant pellets, transdermal patches, creams and finally, gel applied directly to the skin (Parikh, Rahul). Many weightlifters combine steroids with other substances and drugs for better outcomes against their competitors. The outcome of steroids towards the body depends on the amount of dosage you take in (Parikh, Rahul). Steroids give off mood swings causing that person to be more than aggressive and mean. Violence is more accurate when dealing with steroids (Performance-enhancing drugs). Steroids are illegal all over the world unless prescribed to... ...ack for life. Say no to anabolic steroids or any type of drug. Be the athlete you are meant to be and strive for success through your ambition and dedication. You can do all things through christ who st rengthens you. Steroids dont make you stronger mentally, you as a align athlete will be happy through the hard work you put in and the time of day. Train similar a beast and be the best athlete in the world clean and pure. The effects on your body from abusing steroids or any other drug are up to you. Would you rather risk your life from getting sick and dying, being stuck in prison and throwing away your chances of being a true succeeder or would you say no to the drug, train the right way and work your heart out and become fit and successful the way a true weightlifter should? The decisions are up to you, no one can change what your mind and heart desire except yourself.

Essays --

What affects do Steroids vex on Weightlifters?Weightlifters have been known to abuse steroids to a greater fulfilment than athletes in other gamings. Interviews have been made from the young athletes and adults who have taken steroids on the reasons why and the outcomes of the drug towards their bole. It has been proven that athletes use steroids for better results in their be shape or for the strive to succeed. What they dont bring to mind and think twice of before they intake the drug is what effects can the drug abuse of steroids have on the body of a weightlifter?Anabolic Steroids or AAS were founded in the 1930s and is a drug many athletes and weightlifters abuse for the desire to win against their argument (Parikh, Rahul). Steroids produce testosterone and can be both harmful and helpful. Steroids are regarded as prescription and are only a synthetic substance. Theres over 100 types of steroids but the main sources that steroids are made of is plants, animals and fungi. Steroids are abused for the use of muscle mass and a better performance in the sport that is being played. Steroids can be taken in as injections, tablets, capsules, sublingual-tablets, liquid drops, subdermal implant pellets, transdermal patches, creams and finally, gel applied directly to the skin (Parikh, Rahul). Many weightlifters trustingness steroids with other substances and drugs for better outcomes against their competitors. The outcome of steroids towards the body depends on the amount of dosage you take in (Parikh, Rahul). Steroids give off mood swings causing that person to be more aggressive and mean. Violence is more accurate when dealing with steroids (Performance-enhancing drugs). Steroids are illegal all over the world unless prescribed to... ...ack for life. Say no to anabolic steroids or any type of drug. Be the athlete you are meant to be and strive for success with your ambition and dedication. You can do all things through christ who strengthens you. Steroid s dont make you stronger mentally, you as a true athlete will be happy through the hard work you endue in and the time of day. Train like a beast and be the best athlete in the world clean and pure. The effects on your body from abusing steroids or any other drug are up to you. Would you rather risk your life from getting sick and dying, being stuck in prison and throwing international your chances of being a true winner or would you say no to the drug, train the right way and work your heart out and become flare-up and successful the way a true weightlifter should? The decisions are up to you, no one can change what your mind and heart desire demur yourself.

A Conceptual Study on HR in Special Reference Essay

ABSTRACTIn the present globalized era the environmental changes took place actually frequently. So if an judicature wants to compete in the cut throat competition they fork out to cope up with these changes. In the past several decades, technology has had a dramatic repair on human mental imagery management (HRM) processes and practices. For example, technology, especially the World Wide Web, has protagonisted modify many HR processes including human resource mean, recruitment, selection, performance management, work flow, and compensation. These sweet systems exhaust enabled HR professionals to provide better service to all of their stakeholders (e.g. Customers, Sh atomic number 18holders, Suppliers, Government, Employees etc) and reduced the administrative burden in the field.Despite the widespread use of these systems, there has been a surprising dearth of hypothesis and research on the topic. As a provide, the purpose of this special push through is to (a) benignant Resource Information System, (b) advance theory and research on human resource management systems (HRMS) and electronic human resource management (eHRM), and (c) Enhance the soundness of these systems in musical arrangements. As a result, this denomination reviews the evolution of HRIS and provides a brief overview of the existing literature, and introduces the article in the special issue.HRIS is a management system designed specifically to provide managers with info to get along HR decisions. In the present vast knowledge economy info is power. For efficient management of human assets, HR professional requires accurate and eonly entropy on Recruitment & Selection, Training and Development, human beings Resource Planning etc so the aim of paper is to present a conceptual knowledge of HRIS and to explore the violation of information system on HR performance.Key words-HRM, HRIS, eHRM, HRMS, Stakeholders1. INTRODUCTIONSince the emergence of the internet throughout the world around 1995, many business purposes have been transformed. After dealing with accounting, finance and marketing, many companies are shifted their attentions to find a better way of monitoring their military personnel Resource charge (HRM). Many companies are transforming their HRM functions from manual workflow to computerized workflow. Computers have made the tasks of analyzing the tremendous amount of human resource data into a simple task. Computer hardware, software and data bottom abet organizations maintain and retrieve human resource better and simpler.According to Gara (2001) and Walker (1982), a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) go away help organizations keep an accurate, complete, updated data base that throne be retrieve when involve from reports and manuals. Then Tannenbaum (1990) defines an HRIS as a system that will acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve and distribute information about an organizations human resources. Kavanagh et al. (1990) defi ned HRIS as a system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve and distribute information about an organizations human resources. An HRIS is not simply computer hardware and associated HR-related software. Although an HRIS includes hardware and software, it also includes the great unwashed, forms, policies and procedures and data.HRIS is a key management tool which collects, maintain, analyses and reports information on people and jobs. It is a system because it integrates all the relevant data, which otherwise might have been lying in a fragmented and scattered way at respective(a) points ion the larger system converts this data in to meaningful conclusions or information and makes it accessible to the persons, who need it for their decisions. It is a concept which utilizes the development of Information Technology for effective management of the HR functions and applications. HRIS helps organizations in managing all HR information. It helps in recoding and analyzing e mployees and organizational information and documents, such as employee handbook, emergency evacuation and safety procedures.The spirit of HRIS varies among organizations in relation to their size. In small organizations, it tends to be informal whereas in large organizations, it is to a greater extent formal and coordinated. Lengnick-Hall and Moritz prompt HRIS to be implemented at troika different levels The publishing of information The automation of transactions Transformation of HR into a strategic partner with the line business2. HRIS Why it is needed? Storing information and data for each individual employee. Providing a basis for planning, decision making, controlling and other human resource functions. Meeting daily transactional requirements such as scrape absent and present and granting leave. Supplying data and submitting returns to government and other statutory agencies. Building organizational capabilities. Job design and organizational structure. Increasing size of workforce. scientific advances Computerized information system Changes in legal environment3. COMPONENTS OF HRISThere are three study functional components of HRIS Input function It enters personnel information into the HRIS. info entry in the past had been one way, but today, scanning technology permits scanning and storage of actual image of an original document, including signatures and handwritten notes. Maintenance function It updates and adds new data to the database after data have been entered into the HRIS. Output function It is the close visible function of HRIS. In order to generate valuable produce for computer drug users, HRIS processes output, makes necessary calculations and formats the presentation.It should be noted that roughly important elements of HRIS are not the computers, rather, the information. So, the components of HRIS should support validity, reliability and utility of information.4. HRIS APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIESPersonnel administration It will apprehend information about each employee, such as name address, personal details etc.Salary administration Salary review procedure are important function of HRM, a good HRIS system must be able to perform what if analysis and present the reports Of changes.Leave and absence recording fundamentally be able to provide comprehensive regularity of controlling leave/absences.Skill inventory It is also used to store record of acquired clevernesss and monitor the skill database both employee and organizational level.Performance appraisal The system should record individual employee performance, appraisal data, such as due date of appraisal, scores etc.Human resource planning HRIS should record details of the organizational requirements in terms of positionsRecruitment Record details of recruitment activities such as cost and method of recruitment and time to fill the position etc.Career planning System must be able to provide with succession plans reports to identify wh ich employee have been earmarked for which position.Collective bargaining A computer terminal can be positioned in the conference room linked to database. This will expedite negotiations by pronto providing up to date data based on facts and figures and not noticeings and fictions.THE HRIS MODELpic5. CONTRIBUTE VALUES TO HR THROUGH HRIS HRIS serves two major purposes in organizationsHR ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL ROLE The first purpose of an HRIS is to improve the efficiency with which data on employees and HR activities is compiled. Many HR activities can be performed more efficiently and with less paperwork if automated.HR STRATEGIC ROLE The second purpose of an HRIS is more strategic and related to HR planning. Having accessible data enables HR planning and managerial decision making to be based to a greater degree on information rather than relying on managerial perception and intuition.6. HRIS carrying out Implementing anything is part of project Management. Implementing HRIS in organization is a big activity which require support of many stakeholders such functional, HRIT S, IT Vendor and project manager. Implementation can be divided into given below parts. Need Analysis. Vendor Selection. Process Mapping and complete data deriveing. Creation/Deployment of HRIS application in Test server. test by sample users. Pre-deployment training to users. Deployment of HRIS in production. Post Training and Support. Feedback.7. BENEFITS OF HRISWhen the administrative tasks and processes of any human resources department become overwhelmed, the most appropriate solution would be to implement the human resources information system. Common administrative functions that involve filling reports and completing paperwork take up a lot of time of the human resource department and this is where the HRIS comes in. Many businesses nowadays are now realizing the importance of HRIS and using the software to increase the efficiency of the whole company. The following are some of the major benefits of HRIS. a. Improves productivityThe HRIS systems assist in enhancing both the productivity and workflow of the human resource department. This is because, all the data is usually collected and dictated in a central database. This is very beneficial since data is going to be very easily retrieved from the database. b. Saves timeThrough reducing the total amount of time fatigued on the administrative functions, human resource employees are able to focus on other essential duties. For example, they can carry out other cultivable functions like creating presentations, training staff members, succession planning and recruiting since they have enough time due to the HRIS system. c. Improves communication with the employeesHRIS creates a database that each employee has access to and thus you will be able to communicate better with your employees through the network. It also has email scheduling capabilities that make it very efficient in terms of assigning jo bs to mixed employees in a very short period of time.d. Creates self-service options delinquent to the fact that all the relevant information concerning the company or business is placed in large database, the employees can be able to access useful information without having to spend a lot of time going from one purpose to the next. At the same time, it is very easy to update the information in the database for proper administration. The only disadvantage is that important data concerning your company might be stolen particularly nowadays where there is a great increase in cyber crime.8. THE CHALLENGES OF INDUCING HRIS SOFTWARE INCLUDESSelecting right HRIS vendor The selection of software vendor is the most critical of all the decisions. A successful ERP vendor is not always the best provider of an HR solution. A vendor with experience of developing most of the solutions related to human resource, whether in the personnel or talent management domains or other processes associated with HR introduces a better choice, and if such a vendor has the strength of utilizing latest technology & a vision to perceive the future unavoidably of HR fraternity, he may rate the highest on the scale. Mere brand of the products does not necessarily mean quality, though it does carry a higher price tag. Moreover, a vendor providing complex solutions, for which special skills may be needed for initial data entry, maintenance & creation of management reports, need not be rated high.If HRIS software can not configure the existing workflows in an organization and wants the user to adapt to the Vendor HR processes, it is likely to be heavy both on training time & costs and may also gather resistance to its usage at the grass root level. A dedicated and customer oriented vendor will move a mile tautologic to map all client processes on his solution and indicate well in advance the extent of customization required. He may even introduce a set of best practices provided by his sol ution but leave their adoption to the client. A good HRIS vendor is conscious of the cost but always sells quality. preventative of responsibility There is a misconception that introduction of HRIS can relieve HR motorbus of all responsibilities. To large extent, HRIS can free up HR Manager from transactional tasks.However, it also brings with it a new set of responsibilities to ensure that the software is being used and implemented correctly. The payload of co-operating with the software vendor and ensuring successful deployment lies with the client HR manager. Over expectations Due to overstress on the benefits of HRIS software, partially by the media and partially by the marketing departments of software vendors, organizations have developed larger-than-life expectations from the software solutions. When the solutions are unable to deliver these over-expectations, the clients tend to lose confidence in the vendors.The only way out is either pre-sales discussions or a clear s tatement of user expectations in the form of a Request for Proposal (RFP) document, to which the vendor responds as per the strengths of his solution, including the additional effort required for customization, if the same is technically feasible. Resistance to change Employees at the client location are attitudinally inclined to use only the existing system. They enjoy the loopholes in the processes, moreso the inability of a manual system to track progress. Therefore, they offer great resistance to change, especially if the change calls for the acquisition of new skills by the employee. Their resistance to change leads to lack of enthusiasm and co-operation in successfully implementing software systems.The onus of responsibility for change management lies entirely with the client, but some vendors do offer HR consultancy as a supplement to their solutions.Training Requirements HRIS software may have a completely new interface, large number of functions and specially configured w orkflows. It may demand users to exhibit some level of expertise in understanding the technology solution. When faced with the new software, user experiences anxiety and may display discomfort in using the system. Such discomfort can result in remaining ignorant of various features, thereby denying to yourself the benefit of full exploitation of the software. A good software vendor can resolve this issue by providing on the system training to key personnel and prepare them as torch bearers. He would also provide sufficient on-line help features to all the users.Configuration and Data transformation Configuring software to an organizations need and transferring data from existing database to new HRIS is another issue that needs to be handled carefully. The existing data may be either on paper or excel files or in some other form of database. Due to ignorance by employees at client location, the data may not enter the new system in the desired manner, thus obstructing the smooth and efficient surgical operation of the system, besides creating an inventory of bugs. Best solution to this malady is for the Vendor to obtain data from the client as per a standard template, validate it with a chopine and consider initial data entry as a service provided to the customer. computer software Errors and Bugs Bugs, error and opportunities for improvement are integral part of software. Expecting HR Software to be picture-perfect and without any errors/ omissions is unfair. These bugs need not scare people since these can be resolved through mutual co-operation between the vendor and client. Once settled, they do not reappear.However, if new bugs surface with higher levels of exploitation of the software, these should be taken as encouraging signals both by the client and the vendor.Work Flow Changes When you entrap HRIS software, you also install some innovative globally accepted HR practices and workflows. If you have these practices for the first time, some of the me mbers in your organization may not feel comfortable with the changes, especially the change of work flow.Such changes should be handled very carefully as they can have significant emotional sham on the team members. HR should be ready to award benefit of doubt to the members who suffer a negative impact due to these changes and allow ample time for the new workflows to set in. You need preference and commitment to introduce systems. Remember this if you are keen to implement HR software solutions.9. CONCLUSIONHRIS has a very wide scope in developing countries. It is applied in personnel administration, salary administration, leave/absence recording, skill inventory, medical history, performance appraisal, training and development, HR Planning, recruitment, career planning, negotiation etc. It is very important for an organization to clearly identify its system requirements before implementing HRIS. This would enable to decide the appropriate level of edification of HRIS and would lead to optimal utilization of scarce resource. HRIS database should be used as a single source of all information. This would lead to the development of an integrate HRIS course of study for the whole organization.In todays corporate world human resources has come to play a very critical role. Whether it concerns the hiring and firing of employees or whether it concerns employee motivation, the Human Resources department of any organization now enjoys a very central role in not only formulating company policies. A complete HRIS cerebrate all human resources data from the time professionals enter pre- service training to when they leave the workforce. Continuous monitoring and evaluation is vital in determining what an HRIS is accomplishing, what needs to be improved and whether results are being achieved. In future, Human Resource Professionals will be more dependent on higher level and integrated HRIS approaches in order to support more complex as well as free forms of organiza tions.10. REFERENCES1. Prof. Bhavsar C. Anil, A conceptual paper on HRIS vol.1,Issue.v/Nov.2011pp.1-4. 2. Gara,S.J.(2001). How an HRIS can impact HR a complete paradigm shift for the 21st century. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) White Paper, Retrieved November 11, 2002, from http//www.shrm.org/whitepeper/documents/default.asp?page=63001.asp 3. Kovach, K.A., & Cathcart, C.E. (1999). Human resource information systems providing business with rapid data access, information exchange and strategic advantage. Public Personnel Management, 28 (2), 275-282. 4. Tannenbaum, S. I. (1990). HRIS user group implications. Journal of Systems Management, 41 (1), 27-32. 5. Walker, A. J. (1982). HRIS Development A Project Team Guide to Building and Effective Personal Information System. New York Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.6. Lengnick-Hall, Mark L. and Moritz Steve (2003), The Impact of e-HR on the Human Resource Management Function, Journal of Labor Research. 24(3), pp. 365-379.BOOKS1 . Hilkka Poutanen, DEVELOPING THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF GOOD LEADERSHIP, Acta Univ. Oul. A 553, 2010, ISBN 978-951-42-6171-8 (Paperback). 2. Mohan Thite & Michael J. Kavanagh, Evolution of Human Resource Management and Human Resource Information Systems The Role of Information Technology, TMH. 3. Michael D. Bedell, Michael Canniff & Cheryl Wyrick, Systems Considerations in the Design of an HRIS Planning for Implementation, TMH

Mining Excellence at Redmond Minerals Essay

The HR department now must attain and approximate each employee contributions to the party on a scale relevant to their position. This is where a high performance work system comes in to play which creates the best manageable fit between their employee social system and their equipment technical system. This function of having a high performance work system is based on the reliance of experience workers, the empowerment of employees to make decisions, and the use of team work.The HRM practice has to incorporate various measures to create outlets for performance worry, training, work design, and compensation to demonstrate the importance for successful output. This in turn al let looses HRM to focus on the strategy of the company putting emphasis growth and efficiency allowing the department to apply total quality management practices.Those practices live of methods and processes that are designed to meet the needfully of internal and external customers, every employee in the brass instrument receives quality training, quality is designed into a harvest-home or service so that errors are prevented from occurring rather than being detected and corrected in an error-prone product or service, the organization promotes co functioning with vendors/suppliers/and customers to improve quality and stick costs down, and managers measure progress with feedback based on data. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2009, p. 7) This practice is also parallel to the reengineering of the company bare-ass product focus plan, instead of focusing low costs and low prices the focus became concentrated on unique products which catered to a unique target market of consumers. This will prompt the HR department to second design and implement change so that all employees will be committed to the success of the reengineered organization. This may require additional training for the new restructuring of their new product line and will give everyone an opportunity to feel comfor table with the new way of operation. Suggestions for Internet ImprovementsAt the organizational level, a successful homo beings Resources Development program prepares the individual to undertake a higher level of work, organized learning over a given period of time, to provide the happening of performance change (Nadler 1984). In these settings, Human Resources Development is the framework that focuses on the organizations competencies at the first stage, training, and then developing the employee, through education, to satisfy the organizations long-term needs and the individuals career goals and employee value to their present and future employers.Human Resources Development can be defined simply as developing the intimately important role of any business its human resource by attaining or upgrading employee skills and attitudes at all levels to maximize enterprise effectiveness. The people within an organization are its human resource. Human Resources Development from a busi ness perspective is not entirely focused on the individuals growth and development, development occurs to enhance the organizations value, not solely for individual improvement.Individual education and development is a tool and a means to an end, not the end goal itself. (Elwood F. Holton II, throng W. Trott Jr Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, Vol. 12, No. 2, p7). The broader concept of national and more strategic attention to the development of human resources is beginning to emerge as fresh independent countries face strong competition for their skilled professionals and the accompanying brain-drain they experience.If I was tapped for the job of HR Specialist, three ideas that I would suggest in utilizing the internet for HRM would be to use a human resource information system which a computer system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, and distribute information related to an organizations human resource. I would also suggest an pick outronic hum an resource management application which allows employees to enroll and participate in training programs online, as well as elect benefits packages and read company news. Another aspect to include the technological aspect of HR would be for the basis of record keeping and information sharing.I would implement a self service which means employees have online access to info about HR such as training, compensation, and contracts. My ideas support Robertss ideas of running the company because he took on the responsibility of making his employees a priority. He understood the makeup of the niche company and the important resourced asset that will differentiate his product line from his competitors. His ability to be receptive to suggestions from his employees along with giving them the ability to be empowered in their position shows trust in his employees attributes that they will positively add to the success of the company.By creating an open growth focused atmosphere it will stimulate productivity and allow creative ideas to be a rump for present and future employees to stand on. Willingness to Change From the reading the original owners felt that empowering their employees as a risky move so their stockholding shares were sold to Robert. I believe that Roberts strategy prompted change and realizing that in order to accomplish goals of the company that his people must be in the forefront. People are your most important asset, because technology, products, and structures can be copied by competitors.No one can match highly charged motivated people that care about the operation of your business and talented creative human capital is the prime ingredient for organizational success. Before within the company it appeared as if the employees under previous management were overworked and underappreciated which caused for lack of growth and stagnated direction overall. By understanding the attitudes of your employees and presenting an atmosphere that is conclusive to t he strengthening of a positive work related environment your customers will lastly reap the benefits and will be the basis for customer retention.The more top management wants an internal commitment from its employees, the more it must involve employees in delimitate work objectives, specifying how to achieve them and how they will be rewarded and recognized once attained. Reference Noe, R. , Hollenbeck, J. , Gerhart, B. , Wright, P. (2009). Trends in Human Resource solicitude. In J. Weimeister (Ed. ), Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (p. 36). New York McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Alliant Health System: A Vision of Total Quality Essay

1. Is Alliants strategy Sound? What does it ease up to do well to postdate?a. No strategy is totally sound.b. On paper, Alliants strategy would seem sound but, even though over the past five years they have made progress, Alliant has hit a few snags along the way that has prevented their strategy from becoming truly sound. i. They have only been capable to lay down a foundation.c. Alliant is faced with a culture and a humor that is inhospitable to the TQM philosophy. ii. CEO Wolford states the he can non point to any one area that demonstates we are substantially break away than our competition.d. Alliant had achieved breakthroughs in makeupal learning at each step in their TQM journey. e. CARES+ basic outline for quality goal-setting and review bureaucraticf. EQUIP employees used it as a substitute for talking to their managers about day-to-day issuesg. Quality Improvement Teams werent able to bite off weensy pieces and instead tried to solve creative activity hunger prob lems only able to come up with programs but was not capable implementing them some have been going on for over a year with nothing to show for it h. Critical Paths Unable to monitor rate of compliance, statistics was anywhere from 2% to 70% i. Have to do well to succeediii. Alliant needs to find out everybody on board with Total Quality Management (TQM) for their strategy to succeed. 1. The quality process still needs a jumpstart.2. Some physicians are reluctant to get the new way of thinking. iv. Implement an IT system that supports TQM and provides Alliant with the information it needs to manage its evolution into the health care brass instrument of the rising. v. Create a central quality organization that could come up with programs and implement them.2. How well have they implemented the quality strategy?j. Alliant came up with guiding principles and a 10-point action plan to help acquaint TQM to the organization through quality management teams (QMT).vi. Alliant was thoro ugh in fashioning sure their quality strategy was implemented systematically through targeted programs and processes that would help their organization achieve a competitive advantage based on the management of quality. vii. They implemented the quality stategy well in the first year because after Petersdorf died in 1987, quality had already taken root and one of the boards primary selectin criteria for Petersdorfs replacement was a commitment to total quality management.k. In the second year of implementation, Alliant saw their most profitable year in the history of the company. l. Four components of TQM strategy were implemented pretty well viii. CARES+ process sonant rapidly across Alliant Were making the renewal from traditional planning to quality cash advance found quality planning process to be highly stiff ix. EQUIP allowed employees to voice their ideas helped communicate between employees, managers, and executivesx. Quality Improvement Teams prescribed specific analyt ical tools and walked a team from problem statement through actions, results, and future plans drilled right to the core of performance issues applied statistical process control techniques to cash flow to bring the receivables range downxi. Critical Paths worked was able to shorten length of hospital stay for coronary artery bypass graft surgeries from 17 days to 13 days and reduced average be from $41,863 to $35,843 saved Alliant almost $1 million in 1990 moves process along if everyone whole kit and caboodle with the same time frame in mind3.Assess Alliants information technology agenda/strategy.m. Believed information technology (I/T) is a key in the future strength of TQM n. Need expert systems computers to help the mindo. Was a shift in focus to patient-oriented systems rather than functional, stove pipe applications that met narrow departmental needs. p. Physicians, clinical support professionals, and administrators could share information and drive continuous improvement in service q. HELP offered advice on possible diagnoses, cost-effective treatments, resource scheduling, and drug contraindications.r. New I/T strategy offered significant advantages over Alliants existing patchwork of stand-alone systems xii. System worked concurrently advice was available as patient was being treated xiii. Had the potential to improve coordination dramatically by store data fromall corners of the hospital into a single patient-centered system 3. This would minimize patient costs and stay and the quality of care would be improved by eliminating inappropriate procedures, unnecessary waiting time, and ineffective treatments.4. Would you proceed with HELP?s. Yesxiv. HELP would bring together Alliants hospitals and technically make it one working unit by providing a single patient-oriented system that had all data of a patient from every area of the hospital in one computer making Alliant efficient, productive, and quality focused. xv. This would allow information t o be shared and eliminate all repeat and unnecessary procedures and allow a shorter waiting time because information would not have to be collected again. xvi. In effect, HELP would improve quality.5. What would you do to make sure the implementation is successful?t. Make sure that the process works for us rather than us work for the process u. Take everything one step at a time analyze little by little instead of taking in everything at once v. Make sure everybody was on board with Total Quality Management by restructuring the culture and climate in making TQM more hospitable w. Train managers with a familiar interface as that of HELPxvii. This would help with a smooth short-term transition and involve fewer hiccups. xviii. Stabilize the existing infrastructure, lay the foundation for HELP, and begin to make some progress on automating support for TQM

Ex-convicts Re-entry into the Society Essay

The connection treats the ex convicts with un beautifulness and injustice that they do non deserve. As such(prenominal) as they atomic number 18 responsible for all the deeds they do, the the Statesn society is not sorry for this treatment. It is envisaged that the purpose of both prison adroitness in the world is to correct the deviant behavior in a person in order to prep ar the successful re-entry to the society a ameliorate person. However, this is does not seem to be the field for American ex-convicts in the 21st ampere-second. The ex-convict at present is the neighborhood next door who we see daily and sometimes we bring in a relationship.The realization that one(a) is a convict proves an insurmountable task to the individual to prove that he or she is a reformed person further the laws and policies do not recognize this. The biggest question that begs for an answer is why it is so such a serious matter? What is to be blamed or who is to be held culprit? Do we le arn a reformation of the current policies concerning sprightliness after(prenominal) prison? This research will concern on the reasons why ex-prisoners argon not fully integrated back into the society even after prison and the pointors lying behind such treatment from the society.The American prison today The concern lies on whether the prison today is doing the right work to bring the traits and qualities desired in the modern society in convicted persons. In America today, for one to achieve in sprightliness, commandment forms the intimately counting factor. It therefore means that securing a good job requires higher education while low education only warrants low and often stressful jobs. Prison statistics shows that about 75% of inmates did not complete high drill and hence they lack the high school degree.In addition, there is an increase in the number of inmates who do not boast high school diploma which means that an increase in iniquity is related to low education. Th is information means that for such convicts to be suited well in the society, one of the requirements in the prison is to offer education as the rehabilitative program. This ensures that recidivism is reduced by providing the required solution. Nevertheless, the prisons strategies of correcting the convict are different and emphasize on harsh and negative treatment.This deviates from the main purpose of prison. The Prison direction on Confronting Confinement by Gibbons and Katzenbach (2006) report shows that, most of the prisons in America use excessive force in treating the inmates. The big look is that the prison guards are just brutal enough to cause break of the heart even the hardiest of them. Bearing in mind that most of the inmates are convicted of rape, crime, robbery with violence, murder and do medicines abuse, the question of brutal and tough treatment does not make sense.This kind of correcting is opposite the logic of the actual reason of gyves. It only leads to a hardened ex-convict who feels that the society is against him or her. In fact, the situation in the prisons worsens the state of affairs. The Prison nightmare by Deparle (2007) clearly shows that the prison is a hell of a transmit that requires interposition from the state and the common. The life in prison is deplorable conditions are inhumane, unhealthy, unproductive and violent. This really affects the staff and the inmates themselves due to the unending trauma and stress.The unfair treatment of inmates smashing between race and form and the type of offence, makes the prison to be the devil rather than the savior to the union. The community must be protected from rogue persons who are not capable of maintaining the dogmas of the society. It is in this light that the prison must be seen as a failed system in our society. The rehabilitation programs like educational programs, drug rehabilitation and counseling programs were terminated in the twentieth century despite the incre ase in the population of prisons.Therefore, the fact is that most of the ex-convicts come back into the society to seek revenge armed wit nothing but hardness, pain, stress, trauma, mental disability and thus do not fit back in the society. The ex-convict life and its disputes It is clear now that the prison facilities are not living to their dreams as set to do by the constitution. The number of ex-convict is high today in equation to the earlier centuries. The alarming news behind this large number is that they passed through the prison that we have already seen needs to do reforms, from the staff to the policies governing the rectification and treatment of convicts.The persons with prison experience, due to lack of effective corrective measures, pose a threat to the community since they deviate more than the initial stage. In addition, most of the ex-convicts convicted of crime and drug are suffering from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and former(a) communicable diseases which is an alarm to security due the attitudes of most of these ex- convicts. On the other hand, after prison, life is no better for most of them due to low education, drugs and restrictive laws and policies. The society does not really accept them back and thus re-entry and acceptance makes life hard.This leads to the intensify of recidivism and increased rate of crime from the same ex-prisoners. The first of these injustices is restriction from voting known as felon disenfranchisement. This law date back to the founding long time of America claiming the spotlessness of the poll box in 1884 (Manza & Uggen, 2006). The argument was that, felons could use their votes unlawfully to corrupt the ballot box and that since already they have first violated the social contract, then they can also corrupt the franchise responsibility.The view of this time was the excellent government meaning that all get it ons that seemed or were perceived to keep off such causes, all measures would be placed to av oid that (Manza & Uggen, 2006). For the past years, this issue has not been much debated upon or given enough light until the twentieth century when it caused a major stir in 1998. Human rights watch revealed that 4 million pot were locked out of voting and they were concerned that this could affect any election. remnant monitoring by Uggen and Manza (2006) reveals a note of origination in discriminating against the blacks.The notion that blacks were the most felony convicted race due to poverty hence the likelihood was that they connected most crimes. This is strongly supported by the discrimination of the black man up to the twentieth century. The lack of access to employment is another major repugn that ex-convicts face in their journey towards re-entry and full rehabilitation into the society. Hull and Conyers Jr. in their book say that, two thirds of ex-convicts end up behind prohibit again within three years of release. The employers are keen on background sustains mean t to lock out the job seekers with felony conviction.There is no law that expressly prohibits ex-convicts from getting employment but the many bans across the board violate the civil rights act of 1964 as indicated by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. This reveals that, to influence this problem, one has to seek redress from the state law. Major tribunals have allowed employers to disqualify job seekers with felony conviction if it is related to the job being sought. Where corruption seems plausible, the background check proves crucial, and therefore any record of conviction disqualifies the person.Restrictions on occupational licensing is a major setback to the ex convicts life after prison. The fact that even set up an own work is prohibited means that the government wastes money for the upkeep of prisoners in jail. It negates the logic why a person from a field of study and rehabilitation center does not fit into the society. The lack of employment and the despair fr om job turning down by prospective employer causes recidivism (Hull & Conyers, 2006). This opposes the principles of fairness and justice if people cannot be treated fairly in matters of public or private.The democracy of a people involves giving equal mishaps to all without any prejudice. This is not the case for the ex-convict when it comes to search of funds for higher education when compared to other students. The Higher Education Act of 1965 is meant to aid needy and poor students with funds to acquire college education. However, the amendment by recounting in 1998 denies ex-convict of drug abuse the right to seek these funds for college education. In addition, under federal law, drug convict means that one cannot qualify for desire Credit leading to high number of students denied access to financial aid (Hull et al., 2006). Helping the ex-convicts find back their lives and enjoy the full benefits of a citizen needs ever-changing the status quo especially in the laws. The so cial welfare challenge is also another break that requires check up to give the ex-convicts a sense of be and their importance to the society. According to Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1956, ex-convicts who had been charged with drug possession are entitled to no temporary care for needy families, social safekeeping, Medicare, food aid and other health benefits. This infringes on the ex-convicts efforts to be best fit in the society.Ex-convicts feel that the social welfare part of their lives is curtailed which is equivalent to punishment which goes to great pains since it takes long to be paroled. The question whether ex-convicts can hold public office lies greatly to state and implicit in(p) law. The constitutional law doe not bar ex-convict from holding a public office because of the malice that can arise if a president does not need a challenge from and opposing team. Despite this, the state law on the other hand bars a felony convict from holding or runway for a public office.The fact is that the restriction of the ex-convict from holding public offices is much humiliating especially for people who are convicted while serving in public offices. Furthermore, most of the information about conviction is readily available to the public today especially on the internet. This is very restrictive and poses as a challenge to most of the ex convicts who are charged with minor felony. This also applies to ex-convicts who have not despaired and are determined to reclaim their lives back in the society after imprisonment.It is therefore stressful for them to find that their efforts are interrupted by the laws of the country and thus they question the principle of democracy. In this light, the function of the prison as a corrective and rehabilitative facility is questioned and the government spending on prison is ridiculed. Aside from ex-offenders being barred from holding public office, parenthood forms an insurmountable challenge to them. Besides family reunion being eventful and complicated, the 1997 Adoption and Safe Families Act require that parents abdicate parenthood if they do not spend 15 months with them.The imprisonment term average is 18 months implicating that family break up is real for those ex-convicts who are jailed for years. These are the challenges that can result to more crimes leading to a rack of the same which means that recidivism is no near to ending. With this kind of a prison system, it means more problems will be created. On the other hand, the societys reception and treatment of the ex-convict warrants a checkup and change to avoid punishing the ex convict (Thompson, 2008).Research shows that foster care after family break up leads to high cases of juvenile delinquency which dovetails to crime. This can only be interpreted that the protection of the community by these laws and policies provides an avenue for the next future generation of offenders. The issue of parenting is complicated a nd hurting when it is disconnected either to the father or mother, it is the most unique experience. Therefore, this law punishes the parents all their lives not to add that most are poor. It is an slight path to mental anguish, stress and trauma to such ex-convicts citizens in this country.The issue of acquiring secure housing is just another restrictive issue concerning the affairs of ex-convicts re-entry to the society. The local, federal and the state laws have three categories on barriers upon ex-convicts, the absolute statutory exclusions, denying and termination of housing for substance abuse and one strike you are out. The first concerns those instances that an ex-convict manufactures substance or has been convicted of sex offence. It means that the ex-convict is banned out for life on public houses.Secondly, if the ex convict is still using substances illegitimately and the third involves a case where an individual is denied admission due to activity of crime or substance abuse which might lead to disruption of other house occupants just slightly before occupying the house. These laws under PHA are directed by the Housing Opportunity Act destabilize the lives of ex-convicts who have so much to correct for their successful re-entry into the society. The changing netd When ex convicts experience a difficult and often barring life influenced by the laws and policies, they feel frustrated and rejected.The fact that one is expected to display good conduct to pay for health services, cater for the family despite having no job is overwhelming. These situations places the ex-convicts between a hard place and a rock and thus chances of getting back to crime or illegal substance abuse are imminent. The questions of giving the ex-convicts a second chance have arisen due the increased amount of people with felony records. The political, social and economic consequences related to the re-entry of ex-convicts into the society reveal high costs and disadvantages. The society is exposed to break morals due to drug abuse culture.The lack of family role models and parents to guide the life of young people is an indication of a falling society. A community where most of the people are ex-convicts and majority fall under the category of those counted poor means that drug abuse, crime, increase in communicable diseases and unemployment can be the order of the day leading to recidivism. Today, this is the question that concerns the countrys change of policies at the twenty-first century. Despite other issues concerning war, terror and relations with other countries, America is faced by internal issues like these.Other countries like European countries have strategies to make sure that their prisons and justice department balance the whole picture for the benefit of all and maintain the best secure free society (Petersilia, 2000). Today, the stigmatization and citizen resistance to support ex-offenders is waning due to the introduction of producti ve soda pop community justice approach that is meant to bring all people to work together for the benefit of the whole. The re-entry of ex-offenders to the society is a complicated issue that requires serious readying and change of policies.Looking for possible solutions to reintegration needs a change of the public attitude towards ex-convicts (Levinson, 2002). The message is that, the situation is not hopeless America has not muzzy the battle what we need is changing the past and embracing the present for the well being of our future. Religious leaders, some politicians, organizations, radio talk shows and the general public have taken an active role in talking about the issue of prisons and ex convicts lives. The fact that they are citizens just like any other has seen the rise of talks all over for their clearance in the eyes of the public.Although some of the politicians do not want to hear this, the campaign is paramount and is gaining momentum. The century is turning tide s to those who still hold bad attitudes towards ex-convicts. To support an ex-convict was a liability before but for today as Delgado puts it, its a launch pad for people with political ambitions. The conditions of deterioration of policies of prison and aggravation of issues pertaining ex-convicts have touched on the politics of the Republican Party hence a win to the Democrats.The meting out of harsh policies and stiff laws does not offer any solutions instead it creates more problems to the society. The ex-convicts form a convict bloc that has connections to the high echelons of power and class and they form a formidable force which is capable of swaying the outcome of any election. In addition, the speaking out against corrupt policies held in prisons and courtrooms has brought justice to others who are convicted for fair hearings (Delgado, 2007).

An Introduction to Macroeconomics

Homework 1 Problem 1 Q Use the supply and demand framework in the savvy market to explain why employment has grown rapidly in the United States in recent decades while at the same clipping there has been a slowdown in real-wage growth. A With the growth of both supply and demand in the US, we can see that the quantity of labor infallible has increased. In the same time the wages admit non increased that much, because if we shoot an increase in both supply and demand we will have a shift to the right of the equilibrium, which basically shows an increase in quantity of labor still not wages paid.Problem 2 Q In a lessened town of 100 people, there are 10 children under 16, 10 retired people, 60 people with regular speculates, 3 people with part-time jobs, 3 full-time students over 16, and 4 full-time homemakers. The remaining people did not have jobs, but wanted jobs. All but one of these had actively looked for a job in the previous four weeks. What is the unemployment rate i n this town? Show your work.A 100 (total number of people) 10 (children under 16) 10 (retired) 4 (homemakers who are not part of the labor force) 3 (fulltime students) 1 (not searching for job) = 72 people labor force 72 (labor force) 60 (full time jobs) 3 (part-time jobs) = 9 (unemployed but seeking jobs) Employment rate = employed/labor force = (labor force unemployed)/ labor force = 63/72 = 0. 875 = 87. 5% Unemployment rate = unemployed/labor force = 9/72 = 0. 125 = 12. 5% Problem 3 Q High Tech, Inc. produces plastic chairs that sell for $12 each. The following table provides information more or less how many plastic chairs can be produced per hour.Assume that apart from labor there are additional production cost of $2 per chair. How many workers will be hired if the hourly wage for workers is $70? A of Workers Chairs Produced Income Prod. Cost Wage Net Income 1 10 120 20 70 30 2 18 216 36 140 40 3 24 288 48 210 30 4 28 336 56 280 0 5 30 360 60 350 -50 There will be hir ed only 2 workers, because after one hour of production and paying for the work, with 2 workers the company will have the highest net income equal to $40. Problem 4 Q A report indicated that the average real wage in manufacturing declined by 2% between 1990 and 2000.If the CPI equaled 1. 30 in 1990, 1. 69 in 2000, and the average nominal wage in manufacturing was $35 in 2000, what was the average nominal wage in manufacturing in 1990? A Year CPI Nominal stipend Real Salary 1990 1. 30 $x $(y+2%) 2000 1. 69 $35 $y Y=35/1. 69=20. 71 (Real Salary for 2000) Y+2%= 20. 71 + 20. 71*0. 02=21. 1242 (Real Salary for 1990) X= 21. 1242*1. 30=27. 4614 (Nominal Salary for 1990) Problem 5 Q A labor fix provides for a first-year wage of $10 per hour, and specifies that the real wage will rise by 3 percent in the second year of the choose and by another 3 percent in the third year.The CPI is 1. 00 in the first year, 1. 07 in the second year, and 1. 15 in the third year. What dollar wage must be p aid in the third year? A Year CPI Nominal Salary Real Salary 1 1. 00 10 Y1=10 2 1. 07 X1 Y2=(Y1+3%) 3 1. 15 X2 Y3=(Y2+3%) Y2 = 10+10*0. 03 = 10. 3 (Real Salary Second Year) Y3 = 10. 3 + 10. 3*0. 03 = 10. 609 (Real Salary Third Year) X1 = 10. 3*1. 07 = 11. 021 (Nominal Salary Second Year) X2 = 10. 609*1. 15 = 12. 20 (Nominal Salary Third Year)

Literature and Ideals Essay

Definition Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. mostly speaking, literature is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most comm just now used to quote to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Why do we read literature? Literature represents a language or a people culture and tradition.But, literature is more master(prenominal) than just a historical or cultural artifact. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. We learn about books and literature we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays and we whitethorn withal grow and evolve through our literary journey with books. Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the beginning says and how he/she says it. We may interpret the authors message.In academic circles, this decoding of the text is often carried out through the use of literary theory, development a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approach. Whatever critical paradigm we use to discuss and analyze literature, there is still an artistic quality to the works. Literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us. Even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful. Importance of Literature.It is a curious and prevalent opinion that literature, comparable all art, is a mere play of imagination, pleasing enough, like a new novel, but without any serious or practical importance. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Literature preserves the perfections of a people and idealslove, faith, duty, friendship, freedom, reverenceare the part of human life most worthy of preservation. The Greeks were a marvelous people yet of all their mighty works we cherish only a few ideals,ideals of beauty in perishable stone, and ideals of truth in imperishable prose and poetry.It was simply the id eals of the Greeks and Hebrews and Romans, preserved in their literature, which made them what they were, and which determined their value to next generations. Our democracy, the boast of all English-speaking nations, is a fantasy not the doubtful and sometimes disheartening spectacle presented in our legislative halls, but the lovely and immortal ideal of a free and equal manhood, preserved as a most precious heritage in every great literature from the Greeks to the Anglo-Saxons.All our arts, our sciences, even our inventions are founded squarely upon ideals for under every invention is still the dream of Beowulf, that man may overcome the forces of nature and the foundation of all our sciences and discoveries is the immortal dream that men shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. In a word, our whole civilization, our freedom, our progress, our homes, our religion, rest solidly upon ideals for their foundation. Nothing but an ideal ever endures upon earth.It is because impossi ble to overestimate the practical importance of literature, which preserves these ideals from fathers to sons, while men, cities, governments, civilizations, vanish from the face of the earth. It is only when we remember this that we appreciate the action of the devout Mussulman, who picks up and carefully preserves every scrap of paper on which words are written, because the scrap may perchance contain the name of Allah, and the ideal is too staggeringly important to be neglected or lost.

Marital rights or partial immunity? Essay

The assail within marriage was not a crime and this article of faith had stood for centuries until 1992. In the case of R (1991 2 All ER 257) the rape within marriage was constituted as a serious crime. Before it became a integrity it was place for debates and Professor Glanville Williams had given his proposals how the law should be changed on this topic. The current article of the origin of Helen Fenwick, who is a lecturer in law at the University of Durham, explains why Prof. Williams proposals are not suit adapted to be a law and secondly, he assumes the effect if Prof. Williams suggestions would adjudge been approved. The article is comprehensive and every argument has decent backup, except one thing that author do not even try to identify merits of Prof. Williams proposals. The marital rights and partial immunity, according to Prof. Williams is important measure.It indicates that offence of rape is somehow different according by who is made. If it was made by to victim k nown person equalize cohabitee, keep up, ex-cohabitee or ex- conserve it should get slighter decry than rape by crazy. Also it is suggested that house servant rape would be classified as breach and not as rape or indecent offence, because it is less harmful to the victim to be raped by hubby than a stranger, and cohabitee or husband should get lesser sentence than stranger. Secondly, according to Prof. Williams all raper ass be put in two radicals present and former husbands and cohabitees on rootage instance and on second strangers and as I mentioned in a higher place Prof. Williams suggests that the former group should be treated more leniently, because its less usurious to the victim and strangers rapist is more dangerous to society.Helen Fenwick is very sceptic around these suggestions, he uses number of arguments, examples in order to prove it. Author does not obligate marital rights neither partial rights on the subject of domestic rape. In the first place, Fen wick denies merits of using categorisation of rapists and uses very one sided examples of domestic rape, husband, and stranger rapists. Author has intention to show that domestic rape back end be worse than stranger rape, because of the coming(prenominal) consequence. Secondly, Fenwick is against Re-Labelling of All Domestic Crimes, he argues that it would bring anomalies and injustice and he is right because it requires major changes in domestic offences. Furthermore, author declares that provocation hardly can be working with rape offence, because a husband or cohabitee, who rapes unfaithful wife should be given some allowance. But on the other run Why not to extend such consideration to the distraught husband who beats up his unfaithful wife?.In the end Fenwick talks about Cohabitation as a mitigating factor in rape. Author is against this assumption, because husband can be accused of rape, but sentenced on a different scale leaf than stranger. thither are some problems howev er, with Fenwick argument and his overall aspect into Professors Glanville Williams articles. It seems that Fenwick is looking for demerits only and very sceptic about Prof. Williams proposals. Furthermore, it can be reasonably believed that when looking at Prof. Williams suggestions it possible to find merits. The court will consider all relationships between victim and offender, and it can hardly be said that it would not guide on into account when sentencing that when rape occurred the victim and accused was living together. Moreover, when Fenwick using examples of husband and stranger raping victim, he is using extremities. He shows the worst scenario of how husband rapes his wife, with the worst future consequences and he using example to strengthen his opinion by showing us that stranger who rapes victim can be less harmful.Later he is trying to repair this position by saying that I do not want to suggest that stranger rape is really cosy and it is come up known that husba nds and other members of the family sometimes find any rape hard to come to terms with and may blame the woman. It reflects that he could use more objective examples. On the other hand, this article is really strong and persuasive. Authors arguments are well backup with creditable information, he is examining problems in depth. Rises proper questions to influence requireer and to negate Prof. Williams proposals as it is true that these proposals if incorporated into law would not bring certainty and finality to it, it would bring anomalies and misunderstandings. Fenwick uses statistics to strengthen his position on point that almost of the rape is made by people who is known to the victim, and so if Prof. Williams suggestions would be incorporated, it would bring partial immunity to the most rapist and they would receive lessen crimes, alike domestic assault and others.What is more, the text reflects the Helen Fenwick view and in that time recent decided case of R and Law Commis sion recommendations, which is mentioned in the article. As author is criticising the Prof. Williams articles it is necessary to say that all Fenwick criticism is justified. The article also respond directly to the points made by Prof. Williams and comes with results how these proposals would had changed law on domestic rape into damaging side. It is worth to mention that Fenwick is using current practise and personal reflection to deal with this problem. I am quite sure that Helen Fenwick is right what he is trying to address to us and the key points is set out in easy and comprehensive language in order to access to reader.In the conclusion, Fenwick view is ground on the modern policy and to give women more rights. It also says that the principle of sealed consent within marriage is not just and any proposals by Professor Glanville Williams is against women rights to dispose her body as she chooses. What I can say more, that I am of the same opinion as Fenwick and I think when read this article you should focus on the women rights.In 1990s the sorry law on rape was on the edge of changing. The principle, that at marriage woman gives irrevocable consent to have sex with husband, now is being challenged. There was strong public opinion that stranger rapist and husband rapist should be equal placed in the court room. Professor Glanville Williams in his article The problem of domestic rape (141 NLJ 205) (141 NLJ 246) argues that husband should not be credible for rape like stranger rapist for a number of reasons, which shall I discuss. In his article, Prof. Williams, is willing to affect changes in law on domestic rape topic. He argues that husband should be protected by license from domestic rape offence. Prof Williams gives further points to strengthen his position by saying that the principle of husband exemption from rape was standing for centuries, not only because it was a policy but also that husband do not deserve to be accused of rape. Spouses hav e presbyopic lasting relationship and that for maybe one time when husband had not had a consent he is not worth be liable for the same offence as stranger rapist.Furthermore, after marital rape couple can even be reconciled, and forget about that one consequent and that domestic rape is far more less traumatic than stranger rapist. Moreover, Prof. Williams suggests that after abolishing exemption there is left to much protection for wife of criminal law in respect that at the marriage she accepts sexual relationship between her and husband. Another major concern of author is the sentencing problems which is against his view. Prof. Williams is of opinion that to punish husband for 3-5 years of imprisonment is too harsh. Author suggests that the sentence should be not about the years, but counting in days or even fine. Moreover, oblige the woman to testify against his husband is not appropriate, for reason that woman can still feel love to her husband and this would be against her will to testify, but in our law now is contrary woman must testify. Prof.Williams uses an example to illustrate this by In 1989 a wife who refused to testify against her husband in an assault case was fined by Newark magistrates for contempt of court. Author thinks that this is against family interests. Professors Glanville Williams arguments is very interesting and challenging the Criminal law on rape. Author is wide known, respected, moral academic and his authority and validity seems to be able to influence Law Commission and other academics. He is using a lot of tools to affect the reader, skip over with involving the reader, where he is asking reader to image, think what he would be in the place of husband, and ending with appellation to conscience. Prof. Williams backups all of his arguments by using case law or articles or even interviews with people. Latter is really helpful to put more confidence in the article. As he has great authority so his reasoning is valid to the deep context of family relations.Author is supporting family welfare and put reconcilation as the strong argument that husband should have exemption from domestic rape. What is more, indeed is credible to rely on, as the reasoning this as I mentioned above, author is respected and honourable academic and if he would be so, we could not be influenced by his works. The last thing to say, but not least, is that the article is really well writen, it easy to read and understand. So it can affect general community. There are however some problems with Professors Williams arguments. It did not persuade me for a number of reasons. Lets start with saying that the law should be equal to everyone who live within it. If Prof. Williams arguments would be accepted it is not right against, like he calls, stranger rapist.Why? For the reason, that the stranger rapist not always is very horrific, and the future consequence might be more positive to victim, being raped by stranger. Despite the fact, t hat victim feels more horrific being raped by stranger than husband we can still perceive positive side. For example, when victim is raped by husband she cannot expect support from her family, also victim losses confidence in all men, no matter how good personality is man, he can still be able to do that horrible act. Now looking at the stranger who raped his victim, she gets full support from her close people and after a while she can get back confidence in herself and men. Moreover, it is women right to dispose her body as she wants and no husband can tell how she must act, the principle that husband has exemption is out-dated public policy.Furthermore, stranger as well as husband should have reasonable self-restraint level. So, to my mind, it is worth to have the same punishment for some(prenominal) wrongdoers, stranger and husband, because in the end the harm is done and offender must take the consequence of it. In relation, as Prof. Williams indicated, with sentencing anomalie s is very conflicting to law on sentencing. Author suggestion that downgrading domestic law to common assault would cause a lot of injustice into the law. It is the same to give privilege to one group of people and for other give more duties and severe sentences. This idea is step out of modern world, and denies the principle that all people should be equal to To consider all things mentioned above, it is clear that Professor Glanville Williams is respected and honourable academic, this article is written very well, it easy to read, comprehensive and credible. Despite this, his arguments is not walking a long side with modern world public policies and for this fact I do not agree with his article.

The Hard Times by Charles Dickens

The book Hard Times written by Charles two is a story close to a Lancashire drudgery Town in the 1840s. The newfangled is divided into three books. the Tempter titles the books accordingly to prep are the reader for what is about to come, and throughout the novel he shows the effects of the education system of rules, the setup of the caste system, and the Industrial Revolution had on society through this small town of Coketown. The main characters of the novel show the English caste system of the 19th century by showing how one influences the other and the amount of power the bourgeois without delay stimulate in society.They own the factories. Therefore, they urinate the money and, because of the changes coming from the revolution, boast some power in society. The titles of the three books, Sowing, Reaping, and Garnering shows signifi sightce in the dash Dickens is trying to attention the reader get an consciousness of what is to come. Dickens shows the way the working classes are fighting for a recount in the way they are treated at work by forming unions and how a bad negotiator can ruin things.He shows from the start that the education system is base on fact and non fancy. The break flock of the fact based education is shown when Gradgrind himself asked a question that is not fact based. In the end, the whole system of education is converse and the fancy is fancied. The novel can be summarized as a book about two struggles. wholeness struggle is amongst fact and imagination and the other is the struggle amongst two classes. Thomas Gradgrind, the tiro of Louisa, tomcat, and June not besides stresses facts in the classroom in which he teaches, only also at hearth to his family.He has brought up his children to know only the facts. E actuallything is black and white, right or wrong with nothing in between. Gradgrind does not like the idea of going to the circus or having flowered carpet. Everyone knows a person cannot have flowered car pet. He would trample all over them and they would end up dying. The second struggle is between the classes is illustrated between Stephen Blackpool and Bounderby. Blackpool contains the working class and Bounderby the bourgeois or plaza class. He is a warm-hearted man who feels he deserves this mediocre sprightliness.Blackpool was once an employee under Bounderby and was fired for standing up for his principles. He believed that the union was taking anything that was inclined to them because they could not expect anything better. Stephen stands up for his fellow workers asking for reform and this shapes Bounderby mad so he fires Stephen. This was emblematic during the Industrial Revolution. The run down society Dickens speaks of is that created by the Industrial Revolution. The air is filled with hatful that the working class have to breath. The water is turning colors with pollution caused by the factories.The people who are most effected by this are people like Blackpool, the lower class. Dickens shows Stephen and Bounderby as a typical worker-employer relationship. Dickens shows the way in which the factories were run at this period. A person could lose their work simply by disagreeing with what he felt was wrong because the employer did not really care about the employee. This is the way the workers were treated with no respect. In contrast to the industrial revolution, it would be highly unlikely that a middle class citizen such as Bounderby to employ an aristocrat.The titles of the three books (Sowing, Reaping, and Garnering) are named in a way of fully grown a special reference to the upbringing and the education of the children. The titles together show the basic plot of the story. Sowing, suggests that in the 1st book the idea of the children world sown with facts and it also lays the foundation of the plot of the novel. They are being taught fact. Where 2+2= 4 and nothing else matters, at that place is no gray area. Everything is either b lack or white and nothing else. They are not taught emotion. The 2nd book talks of the reaping or harvesting.In this book, Dickens shows that whatever was sown in the first book, the consequences are now being seen. For example, Louisa Gradgrind Bounderby was sown with the seeds of Fact. She used facts to locate upon marrying Bounderby. It would help Tom out and get him a high position in Bounderbys bank. We can tell that she did not want to marry Bounderby when she said, There seems to be nothing there precisely half-hearted and monotonous smoke. Yet when the night comes, fired bursts out, father This seems be symbolism to a negative study of marrying Bounderby.In other words, she is saying that there would be repressed feelings of passionate love and if this marriage would to gamble and deny her the opportunity of love. She would be susceptible to being seduced. This almost happens with Mr. James Harthouse. Here Dickens is referring to the rule book where there is a concept of whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap(Galatians 67). Thus, being married to Bounderby, Louisa had harvested an unhappy marriage. The 3rd book, Garnering, is about how characters are starting to pick of the broken pieces of their lives.Mr. Gradgrind starts to help his children put together pieces of their lives by promising to teach them the fancy or emotional side of life along with the facts. The main characters in the story are representative of the 19th century caste system. The nobleness is represented through Mrs. Sparsit and Mr. Harthouse. Mrs. Sparsit is motivated by an underlining jealousy towards Bounderby she works for him, throughout the book. During this time in history, there was a conflict of power going on. The middle class was gaining it and the aristocracy was losing it. Mrs.Sparsit despises Bounderby and his philosophy that he is a self-made man. Mr. Harthouse lives the life of a typical aristocrat. He lives the idle life, only moving to Coketown t o find something to need him. He tried to steal Louisa away from Bounderby. This shows that Harthouse still felt that the rules didnt apply to him being aristocratic. Bounderby, Thomas Gradgrind, Tom Gradgind, and Louisa Gradgrind represent the middle class. Bounderby is the typical successful middle class citizen of this time. He has a lot of wealthiness and influence and he does not care about his employees.The father, Gradgrind, is driven by a firm belief in his educational system. Therefore, pounds facts into his children. Tom Gradgrind is later revealed as very weak and becomes a person only interested in what he can get no matter how it affects other. He is heartless. Louisa is a unworthy girl trapped in the middle. Both her father and brother push her to marry Bounderby. She only does this to make them happy, but we see throughout the book that she has an interest in the fancy side of life. Sissy Jupe and Stephen Blackpool represent the lower class. Sissy Jupe is orphaned at the beginning.Blackpool is a worker for Bounderby. Both are very uneducated, but very charitable people. Blackpool and Jupe show throughout the book the typical lower class citizen. They were very compassionate towards their fellow man and help whenever they could. In looking at the aspects of the 19th century. Dickens gives a verbal description about how the hands, or the workers, were being mistreated and that there was little hope that they would be helped. Dickens views towards unions at this time are that they were just as corrupt as the employers. Slackbridge is one of the union agitators.He claims to be for the union, but Dickens describes him as a false prophet. He was not a very good negotiator for the union. Even his name suggests that he is a very poor bridge between the workers and the owners. Slackbridge takes whatever is offered and that is not much at all. The Gradgrind education system backfires on Gradgrind himself. This is seen through an ironic role between h im and Bitzer, Bitzer was an excellent product of the system. Bitzer had stopped Gradgrinds son Tom from leaving town. Tom had been caught stealth money from Bounderbys bank.By this time Gradgrind has become a to a greater extent emotional man, torn down by the constant failure in life by his own children. In an effort to excuse Tom from any jail time, he was planning to send Tom away from town. The emotions felt by Gradgrind become too much for him and in a broken down and submissive manner asks Bitzer, have you no heart. Bitzer replies. No man, sir, acquainted with the facts established by Harvey relating to the circulation of the blood can doubt that I have a heart. The irony is that Gradgrind taught Bitzer to ideate in this manner.Bitzer uses facts to undermine a question clearly related to compassion, which Bitzer does not have. Gradgrind would have answered the question the same way at the beginning of the novel. Toward the end of the book, fact and fancy became reversed . wherefore was that? It was because of the realization that the Gradgrind education system failed. Teaching only facts was not the best way of eduacating the children. Gradgrind himself figures this out when he sees his own children failing at life. Dickens illustrates that the education system of this time was educating people to not think on their own.Their imaginations were suppressed and that it also was not interested in making well-rounded students, but denying children their childhood. The importation of the ending being in the circus is that is the complete opposite of everything that was being taught at the beginning. The institution of the school day of fact is totally gone. A new way of looking at life has arisen. Facts can no longer the only thing in life. The necessity of compassion, love, and understanding are now shown to be of more importance that learning facts alone.The entire Gradgrind system of facts proved to be a failure, and Gradgrind learns that emotions and imagination are the dogmatic forces in everyones life. Gradgrind is filled with repentance for ruining the lives of his children, as he decided to make his facts and figures subservient to Faith, Hope, and charity. In Dickens three books in the novel, we are shown the effects of the education system, the caste system, and the Industrial Revolution had on society through this small town of Coketown To me the book was a good portrayal of what life in the 19th century would have been like.The breakdown of society from a single towns standpoint through the eyeball of Dickens is amazing. In my opinion, I felt that the voice of Gradgrind had the most impact throughout the novel. As the novel progresses, so does the attitude of Gradgrind. He slowly faded away from his idea of education of nothing but fact, to completely abandoning that philosophy and promises to intertwine the two. Also, he showed that he was a stronger man, by standing up to Bounderby when Louisa came home. He allo wed her to stay and Bounderby divorced her. Gradgrind did this out of love and with no concern about what Bounderby thought or would say about it.

Although It Is a Ghost Story, a Christmas Carol Is an Uplifting Tale Essay

Although it is a ghost story, A Christmas Carol is an shakeing tale. To what extent do you agree?A Christmas carol by Charles deuce is a significant novella written in the Victorian era. The protagonist Ebenezer Scrooge is employ to demonstrate the focal ratio class society and their attitude towards the sad. Throughout this redemption story, Dickens combines a descriptions of hardships faced by the poor with a totality-felt sentimental celebration of the Christmas season. The novella contains a dramatic and comic element as headspring as a deep felt moral theme. The text promotes the values of Ebenezer Scrooge, delving into his past, present and supposed in store(predicate) as well as contrasting between the enriching and depressing story specifically evaluating the authors message, the Cratchit family, Scrooges nature and or else the ghostly circumstances outlined in the apologue. Dickens message and the spirits of Christmas is one that intends to embolden and uplift the reader.The author has carefully constructed Ebenezer Scrooge as a covetous old sinner to demonstrate the stir meaning of the novella. Although Scrooge is an extreme example of a miser perhaps Dickens is saying there is a little of Scrooge in all of us whether it is an unwillingness to share our money with the poor and separate or our time with people in need. This idea is gifted when two portly gentleman inspect Scrooge and he explains, I help to support the establishments I have mentioned, they cost enough. In this authority Dickens strives to promotes the idea that no matter how crooked, anyone can change through the learning of appropriate lessons to inspire the reader.The author manipulates the readers emotions by enriching the sympathy of the Cratchit family. The Cratchit family are the perfect example of the difficulties faced by the poor in Victorian England. As Scrooge is visited by the ghost of Christmas Present, a jolly giant, glorious to see, and the life of the Cra tchits and piddling Tims condition is revealed there is an almost instantaneous transformation in Scrooge. We see this when Scrooge pleads, Tell me if picayune Tim will live Say he will be spared We can see from this that Scrooge hostel of battles pity and that Dickens is aiming toelevate the feelings toward Scrooge and the ghostly story.The author illustrates that Scrooge who is depicted as hard and clear-sighted as a flint is a greedy miser whom is so old and coldhearted that nothing new(prenominal) than his profits will phase him. Dickens uses the scene when the ghost of Christmas past, a child-like old man uses flashbacks to show Scrooge of the memories he once made to show the nature of the much younger character. This is evident when buff a little girl much younger than Scrooge had brought out the affection of her older blood brother as they planned to be together all the Christmas long, and have the merriest time in all the world. What is in-chief(postnominal) about this example is not just that it shows the compassion Scrooge once felt but overly that Scrooge is not truly crooked and horrible to the core establishing the uplifting and inspiring feeling to readers.The gentle of the novella, A Christmas Carol, is immediately recognized by the reader as hardly appropriate for the first stave. lag one does not resemble the happy and cheerful world of Christmas trees and presents, but instead the reader is loose to, what can only be described as, ghost story features. Ghost stories are meant to be scary, typically the ghosts that appear in this genre bring nothing but evil, but in this particular parable the trio of ghosts aim to help Scrooge. This is why the opening sentence Marley was dead, to begin with is particularly strange. Even though it is a ghost story, the ghostly circumstances of the tale help to highlight the uplifting messages and examples in the story.Dickens message to readers, The Cratchit family and Scrooges nature are all vi tal in the fulfilling and uplifting story of A Christmas Carol. The heart felt theme and comic element are all used well in order to inspire and influence the readers emotions towards each character. Dickens has achieved this using gothic literature and the ghostly features of the story. Overall, the author has used the learning of appropriate lessons to inspire and uplift the reader. Why has the title A Christmas Carol been chosen to represent what seems to be a ghost story?

Implementation of Lean Logistics in Harley Davidson

Lean Logistics, simply put, can be described as a way to confess and eliminate wasteful activities from the supply chain in order to increase product flow and repair. In order to achieve Leaner Logistics organizations need to fulfill leaner thinking. Lean production involves eliminating waste and using less labors, materials, time and space. Thats why it is save production. This in turn reduces costs.Harley-Davidson ram Company, the but major U. S. - ground motorcycle manufacturer, is known for setting the world standard when it comes to the design and manufacture of heavyweight motorcycles. The accompany chose UPS Supply grasp Solutions to help set world standards with its logistics processes. Before going lean, the company operated in a cluster of factories that could hasten been mistaken for an industrial park from the mid-20th century.The lack of automation and other new techniques kept it far lav in terms of operating productivity. But since adding lean to its operati ons, manufacturing that once comprised 41 buildings has been condensed into one well light up plant that employs much robots than laborers. The company has shaved the number of hourly workers to about 1,000 from more than twice that only three years ago, with more than 100 of these employees on contracts that allow them to come and go as is requisite by Harley.Using historic data from the suppliers, the analysts calculated optimal shipping frequencies for apiece of the suppliers, enabling the company to reduce the rate of regular inbound shipments to three times a week, while also grownup the manufacturing plant faster access to larger stocks of parts. UPS Supply Chain Solutions is gradually optimizing the entire Harley-Davidson inbound exile network, by calculating optimal ship frequencies for all the suppliers and identifying cross-docking opportunities at the other manufacturing facilities.As a result, Harley-Davidson Motor Company is gaining efficiencies throughout its man ufacturing operations, while reducing its transportation costs. The comprehensive solution also added value to Harley-Davidsons shipments of parts and accessories to dealerships. In the previous organization, Harley-Davidson shipped parts and accessories to its distribution center in Wisconsin where parts were stocked, picked and packed to rent orders. The orders were delivered by less-than-truckload to dealerships around the country.Leveraging its delivery network, UPS will begin shipping orders of less than 1,000 pounds directly to the Harley-Davidson dealerships. Orders of more than 1,000 pounds will be delivered to a UPS Supply Chain Solutions cross-docking facility in Wisconsin where they will be monied onto pallets the same day and shipped by less-than-truckload. As a result, Harley-Davidson expects to further reduce its transportation costs and speed up average delivery times of parts and accessories to its dealerships.JIT inventory is the driving force of Harleys quality-i mprovement program. JIT works on a demand-pull basis and seeks to eliminate all waste and activities which do not add value to the product. Suppliers of Harley had to implement JIT into their production process in order to compliment Harleys agreement. Previously, Harley utilized a complex, computerized inventory system, Material Requirements Planning, which was based on maintaining high levels of stock, to offset any manufacturing problems, so the assembly line would not be halted.This system was inefficient because it did not address the manufacturing process problems. This is a typical problem with many traditional firms, where readying becomes the accent. Since the focus for traditional firms is planning rather than control, the result is to try and improve planning for next time. Firms thus end up not executing these plans but rather planning and re-planning. With the lean approach the focus is on control. Procedures are kept simple, visual and made as routine as possible.W ith JIT, as each problem is exposed, you are forced to identify its cause, fix it, and move on to the next problem that is revealed. Although JIT system had top management support, without full employee participation in the planning and implementation, Harleys JIT would not have been effective. Harley Davidsons succeeder with the implementation of JIT had a lot to do with the fact that when JIT was put into practice, process problems could no longer be hidden by costly inventory that helped to meet ship dates. The inefficiencies in the processes were quickly identified and solved.